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Cloud Native Social Media Platform Architecture Blueprint

Complete Architecture Overview

This Cloud Native Social Media Platform Architecture Blueprint outlines a scalable, secure, and observable cloud-native platform designed for social media applications. It supports features like media sharing, user feeds, messaging, notifications, and real-time interactions. The architecture leverages microservices hosted on a container orchestration platform with containers, orchestrated through a service mesh using sidecar proxies for resilient service-to-service communication. A CDN and API gateway, protected by a web application firewall, handle client access, while object storage, NoSQL database, relational database, and in-memory cache manage media, user data, posts, and caching. Observability is ensured via monitoring, distributed tracing, and audit logging, with security enforced through identity management, network isolation, and encryption service. The architecture is designed for high availability, low-latency interactions, and global scalability.

The architecture is split into layered diagrams for clarity, ensuring a comprehensive view of a scalable social media platform.
graph TD %% Direction: Top to Bottom classDef client fill:#ffeb3b,stroke:#333; classDef edge fill:#ff9800,stroke:#333; classDef compute fill:#f44336,stroke:#333; classDef mesh fill:#2196f3,stroke:#333; classDef data fill:#4caf50,stroke:#333; classDef observability fill:#9c27b0,stroke:#333; classDef security fill:#673ab7,stroke:#333; classDef cache fill:#ff5722,stroke:#333; Client["Client Apps (Web/Mobile)"]:::client CDN["CDN + WAF"]:::edge API["API Gateway"]:::edge LB["Load Balancer"]:::edge Cluster["Container Cluster"]:::compute Mesh["Service Mesh"]:::mesh Storage["Object Storage + NoSQL + Relational DB"]:::data Cache["In-Memory Cache"]:::cache Observability["Monitoring + Tracing"]:::observability Security["IAM + Network + Encryption"]:::security Audit["Audit Logging"]:::observability Client -->|HTTPS| CDN --> API --> LB --> Cluster Cluster --> Mesh Cluster --> Storage Cluster --> Cache Cluster --> Observability Cluster --> Security API --> Audit linkStyle 0 stroke:#ffeb3b,stroke-width:2.5px,stroke-dasharray:6,6 linkStyle 1,2,3 stroke:#ff9800,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 4 stroke:#f44336,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 5 stroke:#2196f3,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 6,7 stroke:#4caf50,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 8 stroke:#9c27b0,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 9 stroke:#673ab7,stroke-width:2.5px,stroke-dasharray:4,4
This overview diagram shows the flow from client access to post processing, storage, and observability for a social media platform.

Architecture Principles

1. Layered Isolation

  • Presentation: CDN, Web/Mobile Apps
  • Edge: WAF, API Gateway, Load Balancer
  • Compute: Containerized microservices for post processing, messaging, and notifications
  • Data: Object Storage for media, NoSQL for posts, Relational DB for users, In-Memory Cache for feeds
  • Observability: Monitoring, Tracing, Audit Logging

2. Service Communication

  • Service Mesh for service routing
  • Sidecar proxies for mTLS
  • Retries and circuit breaking
  • Service discovery integration

3. Security & Compliance

  • Identity management with least-privilege policies
  • Network isolation with private subnets
  • Encryption for data at rest
  • WAF for web protection

Key Performance Metrics

Component Target SLA Latency Throughput
API Gateway 99.95% <50ms 15,000 RPS
Container Cluster 99.9% <100ms 10,000 RPS
In-Memory Cache 99.99% <5ms 30,000 QPS
Object Storage 99.99% <100ms 5,000 PUT/7,500 GET

1. Client Access Architecture

This diagram illustrates the client-side architecture, where Web Apps (React) and Mobile Apps (iOS/SwiftUI, Android/Kotlin) interact with the platform via a CDN and API Gateway. The CDN serves as a global content delivery network, caching media (images, videos) and static assets in object storage and executing edge logic with serverless functions for request normalization. Web apps leverage the CDN for low-latency delivery of feeds and media, while mobile apps connect directly to the API Gateway for dynamic APIs like post creation, messaging, and notifications. This layer connects to the API Gateway Architecture (Diagram 2).

graph LR classDef web fill:#4285f4,stroke:#333; classDef mobile fill:#34a853,stroke:#333; classDef cdn fill:#ff6d01,stroke:#333; Web["Web App (React)"]:::web iOS["iOS (SwiftUI)"]:::mobile Android["Android (Kotlin)"]:::mobile CDN["CDN"]:::cdn API["API Gateway"] Web --> CDN --> API iOS --> API Android --> API CDN --> Storage["Object Storage (Media/Assets)"] CDN --> EdgeFunc["Serverless Functions"] linkStyle 0,1,2 stroke:#ffeb3b,stroke-width:2.5px,stroke-dasharray:6,6 linkStyle 3,4 stroke:#ff6d01,stroke-width:2.5px
The Client Access Architecture ensures low-latency and secure access for web and mobile users of the social media platform.

Key Features

Performance Optimization

  • CDN caching (TTL 1yr for static assets)
  • Adaptive bitrate streaming for media
  • Code splitting in React
  • Progressive Web App support

Security

  • CSP headers for XSS protection
  • JWT in HttpOnly cookies
  • Certificate pinning (mobile)
  • WAF rules for bot protection
// Sample React API Client for Social Media Platform
const apiClient = axios.create({
  baseURL: process.env.API_URL,
  timeout: 5000,
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  }
});

apiClient.interceptors.response.use(null, (error) => {
  if (error.config && error.response && error.response.status >= 500) {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      setTimeout(() => resolve(apiClient(error.config)), 1000);
    });
  }
  return Promise.reject(error);
});

export const fetchFeed = (userId) =>
  apiClient.get(`/feed/${userId}`, {
    headers: {
      'Cache-Control': 'max-age=60, stale-while-revalidate=3600'
    }
  });

export const createPost = (postData) =>
  apiClient.post('/posts', postData, {
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
    }
  });

export const sendMessage = (chatId, message) =>
  apiClient.post(`/messages/${chatId}`, { message });
                

2. API Gateway Architecture

This diagram details the API Gateway layer, which serves as the secure entry point for client requests from the Client Access Architecture (Diagram 1). It integrates with an authorizer function for JWT validation using a user authentication service and an encryption service for secure key management. The gateway routes requests to the Compute Layer (Diagram 3) and is protected by WAF rules to block malicious traffic, such as SQL injection and DDoS attacks.

graph TB classDef gateway fill:#ff9800,stroke:#333; classDef auth fill:#673ab7,stroke:#333; classDef service fill:#2196f3,stroke:#333; Client --> APIGW["API Gateway"]:::gateway APIGW --> Authorizer["Authorizer Function"]:::auth Authorizer --> AuthService["User Authentication Service"] Authorizer --> Encryption["Encryption Service"] APIGW -->|/posts| Compute["Container Cluster"]:::service APIGW -->|/messages| Compute APIGW -->|/notifications| Compute APIGW --> WAF["WAF Rules"] WAF -->|Block| BadActors["SQLi/DDoS/Bad Bots"] linkStyle 0 stroke:#ffeb3b,stroke-width:2.5px,stroke-dasharray:6,6 linkStyle 1,2,3 stroke:#ff9800,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 4,5,6 stroke:#2196f3,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 7 stroke:#ff9800,stroke-width:2.5px
The API Gateway Architecture provides secure and scalable API management for posts, messaging, and notifications.

Gateway Configuration

Endpoint Throttling Cache TTL Auth
/api/v1/feed 1500 RPS 60s Optional
/api/v1/posts 1000 RPS 0s Required
/api/v1/messages 2000 RPS 0s Required
# Example API Gateway Configuration (Pseudo-Code)
api_gateway:
  name: social-platform-api
  description: API Gateway for Social Media Platform
  endpoint_configuration:
    type: REGIONAL
  authorizer:
    name: jwt-authorizer
    type: TOKEN
    identity_source: method.request.header.Authorization
    handler: authorizer_function
  waf:
    rules:
      - block_sql_injection
      - block_ddos
      - block_bad_bots
                

3. Compute Layer Architecture

This diagram focuses on the Compute Layer, which hosts microservices on a container orchestration platform with containers. Requests are routed from the API Gateway (Diagram 2) via a load balancer to the cluster. Microservices, such as post processing, messaging, and notification services, are auto-scaled based on demand, and a service mesh (Diagram 4) manages service-to-service communication. This layer interacts with the Data Storage (Diagram 5) and Observability/Security (Diagram 6) layers.

graph LR classDef edge fill:#ff9800,stroke:#333; classDef compute fill:#f44336,stroke:#333; classDef mesh fill:#2196f3,stroke:#333; API["API Gateway"]:::edge --> LB["Load Balancer"]:::edge LB --> Cluster["Container Cluster"]:::compute Cluster --> PostProc["Post Processing Service"]:::compute Cluster --> Msg["Messaging Service"]:::compute Cluster --> Notif["Notification Service"]:::compute PostProc --> Mesh["Service Mesh"]:::mesh Msg --> Mesh Notif --> Mesh linkStyle 0 stroke:#ff9800,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 1 stroke:#f44336,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 2,3,4 stroke:#f44336,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 5,6,7 stroke:#2196f3,stroke-width:2.5px
The Compute Layer ensures scalable and resilient microservice execution for post processing, messaging, and notifications.

Container Task Definition

# Example Container Task Definition (Pseudo-Code)
task_definition:
  family: post-processing
  network_mode: vpc
  containers:
    - name: post-app
      image: post-processing:1.0
      ports:
        - container_port: 8080
          protocol: tcp
      essential: true
      logging:
        driver: cloud_logging
        options:
          group: /container/post-processing
          region: us-west-2
          stream_prefix: app
    - name: proxy
      image: service-mesh-proxy:latest
      essential: true
      environment:
        - name: MESH_RESOURCE_NAME
          value: post-processing
      user: non-root
      logging:
        driver: cloud_logging
        options:
          group: /container/post-processing
          region: us-west-2
          stream_prefix: proxy
  compatibility: serverless
  cpu: 1024
  memory: 2048
  execution_role: arn:iam::123456789012:role/taskExecutionRole
  task_role: arn:iam::123456789012:role/taskRole
                

4. Service Mesh Architecture

This diagram details the Service Mesh layer, which uses a service mesh with sidecar proxies to manage service-to-service communication within the Compute Layer (Diagram 3). It supports mTLS, retries, and circuit breaking for resilience and connects to the Data Storage (Diagram 5) and Observability/Security (Diagram 6) layers.

graph LR classDef compute fill:#f44336,stroke:#333; classDef mesh fill:#2196f3,stroke:#333; PostProc["Post Processing Service"]:::compute --> ProxyA["Sidecar Proxy"]:::mesh Msg["Messaging Service"]:::compute --> ProxyB["Sidecar Proxy"]:::mesh Notif["Notification Service"]:::compute --> ProxyC["Sidecar Proxy"]:::mesh ProxyA --> Mesh["Service Mesh"]:::mesh ProxyB --> Mesh ProxyC --> Mesh linkStyle 0,1,2 stroke:#f44336,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 3,4,5 stroke:#2196f3,stroke-width:2.5px
The Service Mesh Architecture ensures resilient and secure communication between post processing, messaging, and notification services.

Service Mesh Configuration

# Example Service Mesh Configuration (Pseudo-Code)
service_mesh:
  name: social-platform-mesh
  egress_filter: ALLOW_ALL
  virtual_nodes:
    - name: post-processing
      service_discovery:
        dns:
          hostname: post-processing.default.svc.cluster.local
      listeners:
        - port: 8080
          protocol: http
      backends:
        - virtual_service: messaging.default.svc.cluster.local
        - virtual_service: notification.default.svc.cluster.local
    - name: messaging
      service_discovery:
        dns:
          hostname: messaging.default.svc.cluster.local
      listeners:
        - port: 8080
          protocol: http
    - name: notification
      service_discovery:
        dns:
          hostname: notification.default.svc.cluster.local
      listeners:
        - port: 8080
          protocol: http
  virtual_router:
    name: messaging-router
    listeners:
      - port: 8080
        protocol: http
  route:
    name: messaging-route
    http_route:
      match:
        prefix: /
      action:
        weighted_targets:
          - virtual_node: messaging
            weight: 100
      retry_policy:
        max_retries: 3
        per_retry_timeout:
          unit: ms
          value: 2000
        http_retry_events:
          - server-error
                

5. Data Storage Architecture

This diagram focuses on the Data Storage layer, which includes object storage for media (images, videos), NoSQL database for posts and metadata, relational database for user data, and in-memory cache for caching feeds and user sessions. The Compute Layer (Diagram 3) interacts with this layer for data persistence and low-latency access, with encryption managed by an encryption service.

graph LR classDef compute fill:#f44336,stroke:#333; classDef data fill:#4caf50,stroke:#333; classDef cache fill:#ff5722,stroke:#333; classDef security fill:#673ab7,stroke:#333; Cluster["Container Cluster"]:::compute --> ObjectStorage["Object Storage (Media)"]:::data Cluster --> NoSQL["NoSQL DB (Posts/Metadata)"]:::data Cluster --> RDB["Relational DB (Users)"]:::data Cluster --> Cache["In-Memory Cache"]:::cache ObjectStorage --> Encryption["Encryption Service"]:::security NoSQL --> Encryption RDB --> Encryption linkStyle 0,1,2,3 stroke:#f44336,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 4,5,6 stroke:#673ab7,stroke-width:2.5px
The Data Storage Architecture ensures scalable and secure data persistence for media, posts, and user data with caching.

Data Model

-- Relational DB Schema (SQL)
CREATE TABLE users (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
  username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
  email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  updated_at TIMESTAMP
);

CREATE TABLE relationships (
  follower_id UUID REFERENCES users(id),
  followed_id UUID REFERENCES users(id),
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (follower_id, followed_id)
);

-- NoSQL DB Schema (Pseudo-Code)
table:
  name: Posts
  key_schema:
    - attribute_name: post_id
      key_type: HASH
    - attribute_name: metadata_type
      key_type: RANGE
  secondary_indexes:
    - index_name: UserPostsIndex
      key_schema:
        - attribute_name: user_id
          key_type: HASH
      projection:
        type: INCLUDE
        non_key_attributes:
          - content
          - created_at
                

Cache Strategy

Read-Through Cache

  • Cache hit: 5ms response
  • Cache miss: 50ms (DB + warm cache)
  • TTL: 5 minutes (user feeds)
  • TTL: 1 hour (user profiles)

Invalidation Triggers

  • New posts or comments
  • User profile updates
  • Scheduled refreshes
  • Relationship changes

6. Observability and Security Architecture

This diagram details the Observability and Security layer, which includes monitoring for metrics and logs, distributed tracing for tracing, and audit logging for auditing. Security is enforced with identity management, network isolation, and an encryption service. The Compute Layer (Diagram 3) integrates with this layer for monitoring and compliance.

graph LR classDef compute fill:#f44336,stroke:#333; classDef observability fill:#9c27b0,stroke:#333; classDef security fill:#673ab7,stroke:#333; Cluster["Container Cluster"]:::compute --> Monitoring["Monitoring"]:::observability Cluster --> Tracing["Distributed Tracing"]:::observability Cluster --> Audit["Audit Logging"]:::observability Cluster --> IAM["Identity Management"]:::security Cluster --> Network["Network Isolation"]:::security Cluster --> Encryption["Encryption Service"]:::security linkStyle 0,1,2 stroke:#9c27b0,stroke-width:2.5px linkStyle 3,4,5 stroke:#673ab7,stroke-width:2.5px
The Observability and Security Architecture ensures comprehensive monitoring and robust protection for the social media platform.

Monitoring Configuration

# Example Monitoring Configuration (Pseudo-Code)
monitoring:
  alarm:
    name: HighCPUUsage
    description: Triggers when container CPU usage exceeds 80%
    metric_name: CPUUtilization
    namespace: ContainerService
    statistic: Average
    period: 300
    evaluation_periods: 2
    threshold: 80
    comparison_operator: GreaterThanThreshold
    dimensions:
      - name: ClusterName
        value: SocialPlatformCluster
    alarm_actions:
      - notification_topic
  notification:
    topic:
      name: SocialPlatformAlerts
                

Security Controls

Access Control

  • Identity management with least-privilege policies
  • Role-based access control
  • Service-linked roles
  • Session management

Network Security

  • Private subnets
  • Security groups
  • Network ACLs
  • WAF rules