Cloud Native Social Media Platform Architecture Blueprint
Complete Architecture Overview
This Cloud Native Social Media Platform Architecture Blueprint outlines a scalable, secure, and observable cloud-native platform designed for social media applications. It supports features like media sharing, user feeds, messaging, notifications, and real-time interactions. The architecture leverages microservices
hosted on a container orchestration platform
with containers
, orchestrated through a service mesh
using sidecar proxies
for resilient service-to-service communication. A CDN
and API gateway
, protected by a web application firewall
, handle client access, while object storage
, NoSQL database
, relational database
, and in-memory cache
manage media, user data, posts, and caching. Observability is ensured via monitoring
, distributed tracing
, and audit logging
, with security enforced through identity management
, network isolation
, and encryption service
. The architecture is designed for high availability, low-latency interactions, and global scalability.
Architecture Principles
1. Layered Isolation
- Presentation: CDN, Web/Mobile Apps
- Edge: WAF, API Gateway, Load Balancer
- Compute: Containerized microservices for post processing, messaging, and notifications
- Data: Object Storage for media, NoSQL for posts, Relational DB for users, In-Memory Cache for feeds
- Observability: Monitoring, Tracing, Audit Logging
2. Service Communication
- Service Mesh for service routing
- Sidecar proxies for mTLS
- Retries and circuit breaking
- Service discovery integration
3. Security & Compliance
- Identity management with least-privilege policies
- Network isolation with private subnets
- Encryption for data at rest
- WAF for web protection
Key Performance Metrics
Component | Target SLA | Latency | Throughput |
---|---|---|---|
API Gateway | 99.95% | <50ms | 15,000 RPS |
Container Cluster | 99.9% | <100ms | 10,000 RPS |
In-Memory Cache | 99.99% | <5ms | 30,000 QPS |
Object Storage | 99.99% | <100ms | 5,000 PUT/7,500 GET |
1. Client Access Architecture
This diagram illustrates the client-side architecture, where Web Apps (React)
and Mobile Apps (iOS/SwiftUI, Android/Kotlin)
interact with the platform via a CDN
and API Gateway
. The CDN
serves as a global content delivery network, caching media (images, videos) and static assets in object storage
and executing edge logic with serverless functions
for request normalization. Web apps leverage the CDN
for low-latency delivery of feeds and media, while mobile apps connect directly to the API Gateway
for dynamic APIs like post creation, messaging, and notifications. This layer connects to the API Gateway Architecture (Diagram 2).
Key Features
Performance Optimization
- CDN caching (TTL 1yr for static assets)
- Adaptive bitrate streaming for media
- Code splitting in React
- Progressive Web App support
Security
- CSP headers for XSS protection
- JWT in HttpOnly cookies
- Certificate pinning (mobile)
- WAF rules for bot protection
// Sample React API Client for Social Media Platform const apiClient = axios.create({ baseURL: process.env.API_URL, timeout: 5000, headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } }); apiClient.interceptors.response.use(null, (error) => { if (error.config && error.response && error.response.status >= 500) { return new Promise((resolve) => { setTimeout(() => resolve(apiClient(error.config)), 1000); }); } return Promise.reject(error); }); export const fetchFeed = (userId) => apiClient.get(`/feed/${userId}`, { headers: { 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=60, stale-while-revalidate=3600' } }); export const createPost = (postData) => apiClient.post('/posts', postData, { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data' } }); export const sendMessage = (chatId, message) => apiClient.post(`/messages/${chatId}`, { message });
2. API Gateway Architecture
This diagram details the API Gateway
layer, which serves as the secure entry point for client requests from the Client Access Architecture (Diagram 1). It integrates with an authorizer function
for JWT validation using a user authentication service
and an encryption service
for secure key management. The gateway routes requests to the Compute Layer (Diagram 3) and is protected by WAF
rules to block malicious traffic, such as SQL injection and DDoS attacks.
Gateway Configuration
Endpoint | Throttling | Cache TTL | Auth |
---|---|---|---|
/api/v1/feed | 1500 RPS | 60s | Optional |
/api/v1/posts | 1000 RPS | 0s | Required |
/api/v1/messages | 2000 RPS | 0s | Required |
# Example API Gateway Configuration (Pseudo-Code) api_gateway: name: social-platform-api description: API Gateway for Social Media Platform endpoint_configuration: type: REGIONAL authorizer: name: jwt-authorizer type: TOKEN identity_source: method.request.header.Authorization handler: authorizer_function waf: rules: - block_sql_injection - block_ddos - block_bad_bots
3. Compute Layer Architecture
This diagram focuses on the Compute Layer
, which hosts microservices
on a container orchestration platform
with containers
. Requests are routed from the API Gateway (Diagram 2) via a load balancer
to the cluster. Microservices, such as post processing, messaging, and notification services, are auto-scaled based on demand, and a service mesh
(Diagram 4) manages service-to-service communication. This layer interacts with the Data Storage (Diagram 5) and Observability/Security (Diagram 6) layers.
Container Task Definition
# Example Container Task Definition (Pseudo-Code) task_definition: family: post-processing network_mode: vpc containers: - name: post-app image: post-processing:1.0 ports: - container_port: 8080 protocol: tcp essential: true logging: driver: cloud_logging options: group: /container/post-processing region: us-west-2 stream_prefix: app - name: proxy image: service-mesh-proxy:latest essential: true environment: - name: MESH_RESOURCE_NAME value: post-processing user: non-root logging: driver: cloud_logging options: group: /container/post-processing region: us-west-2 stream_prefix: proxy compatibility: serverless cpu: 1024 memory: 2048 execution_role: arn:iam::123456789012:role/taskExecutionRole task_role: arn:iam::123456789012:role/taskRole
4. Service Mesh Architecture
This diagram details the Service Mesh
layer, which uses a service mesh
with sidecar proxies
to manage service-to-service communication within the Compute Layer (Diagram 3). It supports mTLS, retries, and circuit breaking for resilience and connects to the Data Storage (Diagram 5) and Observability/Security (Diagram 6) layers.
Service Mesh Configuration
# Example Service Mesh Configuration (Pseudo-Code) service_mesh: name: social-platform-mesh egress_filter: ALLOW_ALL virtual_nodes: - name: post-processing service_discovery: dns: hostname: post-processing.default.svc.cluster.local listeners: - port: 8080 protocol: http backends: - virtual_service: messaging.default.svc.cluster.local - virtual_service: notification.default.svc.cluster.local - name: messaging service_discovery: dns: hostname: messaging.default.svc.cluster.local listeners: - port: 8080 protocol: http - name: notification service_discovery: dns: hostname: notification.default.svc.cluster.local listeners: - port: 8080 protocol: http virtual_router: name: messaging-router listeners: - port: 8080 protocol: http route: name: messaging-route http_route: match: prefix: / action: weighted_targets: - virtual_node: messaging weight: 100 retry_policy: max_retries: 3 per_retry_timeout: unit: ms value: 2000 http_retry_events: - server-error
5. Data Storage Architecture
This diagram focuses on the Data Storage
layer, which includes object storage
for media (images, videos), NoSQL database
for posts and metadata, relational database
for user data, and in-memory cache
for caching feeds and user sessions. The Compute Layer (Diagram 3) interacts with this layer for data persistence and low-latency access, with encryption managed by an encryption service
.
Data Model
-- Relational DB Schema (SQL) CREATE TABLE users ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY, username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL, email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL, created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, updated_at TIMESTAMP ); CREATE TABLE relationships ( follower_id UUID REFERENCES users(id), followed_id UUID REFERENCES users(id), created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (follower_id, followed_id) ); -- NoSQL DB Schema (Pseudo-Code) table: name: Posts key_schema: - attribute_name: post_id key_type: HASH - attribute_name: metadata_type key_type: RANGE secondary_indexes: - index_name: UserPostsIndex key_schema: - attribute_name: user_id key_type: HASH projection: type: INCLUDE non_key_attributes: - content - created_at
Cache Strategy
Read-Through Cache
- Cache hit: 5ms response
- Cache miss: 50ms (DB + warm cache)
- TTL: 5 minutes (user feeds)
- TTL: 1 hour (user profiles)
Invalidation Triggers
- New posts or comments
- User profile updates
- Scheduled refreshes
- Relationship changes
6. Observability and Security Architecture
This diagram details the Observability and Security
layer, which includes monitoring
for metrics and logs, distributed tracing
for tracing, and audit logging
for auditing. Security is enforced with identity management
, network isolation
, and an encryption service
. The Compute Layer (Diagram 3) integrates with this layer for monitoring and compliance.
Monitoring Configuration
# Example Monitoring Configuration (Pseudo-Code) monitoring: alarm: name: HighCPUUsage description: Triggers when container CPU usage exceeds 80% metric_name: CPUUtilization namespace: ContainerService statistic: Average period: 300 evaluation_periods: 2 threshold: 80 comparison_operator: GreaterThanThreshold dimensions: - name: ClusterName value: SocialPlatformCluster alarm_actions: - notification_topic notification: topic: name: SocialPlatformAlerts
Security Controls
Access Control
- Identity management with least-privilege policies
- Role-based access control
- Service-linked roles
- Session management
Network Security
- Private subnets
- Security groups
- Network ACLs
- WAF rules